miajk mrsÉfþoh
05' jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨" tu .eg¨ u`. yerùug f.kwe;s ms<shï yd Tjqkaf.a iqN idOk lghq;= bgq jk wdldrh
5'1 jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨"
5'1'1'wdodhï ;;a;ajh yd iïnkaOj jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨
5'1'2'fi!LH" m%jdyk" fjk;a fiajdjka yd iïnkaOj jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨
5'1'3'iudch yd iïnkaOj jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨
5'2 tu .eg¨ u`. yerùug f.k we;s ms<shï
5'2'1'wúêu;a wxYh ^l=gqïN yd m%cdj& fuu .eg¨ úiod .ekSug fhÿ ms<shï
5'2'2'úêu;a wxYh fuu .eg¨ úiod .ekSug fhÿ ms<shï yd f.k we;s úiÿïj, ;sridr nj idlÉcd lsÍu
miajk mrsÉfþoh
05' jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨" tu .eg¿ u`. yerùug f.k we;s ms<shï yd Tjqkaf.a iqN idOk lghq;= bgq jk wdldrh
5.1 jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨
jhia.;jQjkaf.a uQ,sl /ljrKh iy wdrlaIdj imhk tallh l=gqïNh hs' iïm%odhsl úia;D; mjq, ^Extended Family& ì§ kHIaál tallhla ^Nuclear Unit& njg m;a ùfuys m%;sM,hla f,i" iïm%Odhsl Wojq Wmldr u; jhia.;jQjka /ln,d .ekSu mokï jQ jHQyh l%ufhka ì§ hdu werUqKs' 1975 § l=gqïNhl úYd,;ajh ^Family Size& 3'8 la jQ w;r" 1975 jk úg fuh 3'1 olajd wvq úh'[1] fndfyduhla újdyjQjka Tjqkaf.a mjq,a tallh l=vd lsÍug Wkkaÿ úh' ta wkqj orejka ,eîfï ld, iSudj b;d flá l,lg iSud jQ w;r" ldka;djla jhi wjqreÿ 24 § újdy jqfha kï weh orejka ìys lsÍu jhi wjqreÿ 28ka wjika lrkakg fhÈks[2]' fuys Rcq m%;sM,h jQfha ffokslj ck.ykhg w¿;ska tl;= jk m%udKh my< hdu hs' ta wkqj <ud ck.ykh l%ufhka wvq ùug;a" jhia.; ldKavh idfmalaIj by< hdug;a[3] fuh bjy,a úh' fuys n,mEu Rcq yd jl% hk fo wdldrfhkau wd¾Ól" iudÔh" foaYmd,ksl ixialD;sl hk ish¨u jHQyhka ;=<g we;=¿ jkakg úh'
kùlrKh yd kd.ÍlrKhg yiqj we;s iudch ;=< Èfkka Èk úúO wdldrfha .eg¨ ks¾udKh jQ w;r tys m%;sM,hla f,i wd¾Ól wmyiq;d we;s ùu" úYd, uQ,H yd Ôjk nrla oeÍug isÿ ùu" udkislj we;s jk mSvkh wêl ùu wd§ jYfhka ;reK mrïmrdj fj; úúO wNsfhda. we;s jkakg úh' úfYAIfhkau fuys§ ;reK- ;reKshka úfoaY /lshd ioyd furáka msg ùu" /lshd ioyd ÿria: m%foaY fj;g ixl%uKh ùu yÿkd .; yels w;r" fuksidu foudmsh /ljrKh yd wdrlaIdj ie<iSfï yelshdj wvq jkakg úh'
fuu ish¨ fya;+ka l=gqïNh uq,a lr .;a jhia.;jQjkag Wojq Wmldr lsÍfï iïm%Odhsl moaO;sh ìo oeóug m%Odk fya;= jQ w;r" fujeks ;;a;ajhla ;=< jhia.;jQjka fjkqfjka ieliqkq úêu;a jHQyhl wjYH;djh iudchg fydÈka oefkkakg úh' fï wkqj fujeks iudchla ;=< jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨ m%Odk wxY lsysmhla hgf;a ieflúka idlÉcd l< yel'
1. wdodhï ;;a;ajh yd iïnkaOj jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨
2. fi!LH" m%jdyk" fjk;a fiajdjka yd iïnkaOj jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨
3. iudch yd iïnkaOj jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨
5.1.1. wdodhï ;;a;ajh yd iïnkaOj jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨
jhia.;jQjkaf.a wdodhï uÜgu iudcfha wfkl=;a wdodhï ,nk ldKavhkag idfmalaIj my;a ;;a;ajhl mj;S' iuia;hla f,i je,smsáh m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih ;=< jhia.;jQjkaf.a idudkH udisl wdodhu remsh,a 1500'00la muK úh[4]' tu wdodhu Tjqka uQ,sl wjYH;d ,nd .ekSu ioyd jeh l< miq b;=reï ld¾hh ioyd fho ùug ;rï m%udKj;a uqo,la b;srs fkdùh' tneúka b;sß lsÍug we;s YlH;djh my< f.dia wvq b;=reï we;s ùug th fya;= úh' wvq b;sß lsÍï fuu l<dmhg muKla fkdj iuia; m%foaYhgu n,mEï t,a, lrhs' ta wkqj wvq b;=reï fya;=fjka m%d.aOk wdfhdackhg we;s yelshdj my< f.dia wdfhdack lghq;= wvd, ùug;a" /lshd W;amdokhg we;s yelshdj ySk lsÍug;a fya;= fõ' /lshd wjia:d wd¾Ólh ;=< cks; fkdùu fya;=fjka iuia; .ykfha wdodhï uÜgu my< hdu;a" tksidu fmdaIK W!K;d .eg¨ yg .ekSu;a isÿ fõ' fuh ieflúka olajf;d;a"
j.=j wxl 1- jhia.;jQjka flfrys n,mdk wdodhï úIu pl%h
uQ,dY%h: l;D úiska ilia lrk ,È'
ksIamdokh by< fkdhdu;a" /lshd wjia:d wd¾Òlh ;=< cks; fkdùu;a ;=< l=gqïN wd¾Ól ;;a;ajh my<g .uka lrhs' fï fya;=fjka iuia; l=gqïNfhau wdodhu my< f.dia orejkag o Ôj;a ùug wmyiq ;;a;ajhla we;s ùu idudkH isÿùu hs' orejkag ksis wdodhï fkdue;s ùu ksidu orejkaf.ka fmdaIKh jk jhia.;jQjkag o ksis fmdaIK ;;a;ajhla fkd,eî hhs' wfkla w;g orejkag o Tjqkaf.a l=gqïN ;=< we;s jk wd¾Ól m%Yak Èfkka Èk W.% ùu ;=< jeäysáhka fj; fhduq lrk wjOdkh wvq lsÍug$ fjk;lg fhduq lsÍug isÿ fõ' m%udKj;a /lshd wd¾:slh ;=< fkdue;s ùu;a" mj;akd tu /lshdjkays fiajd kshqla; jqj o" W!K fiajd kshqla;shlska /lshdj lsrSug isÿ ùu ksid;a" /lshdj wm%ikak ùu;a" l=gqïN wdodhï ;;a;ajh my< hdu flfrys;a wys;lr f,i n,mdkq ,nkakg úh'
jhia.;jQjka úiska fmdaIKh lrk tkï jhia.;jQjka m%Odk wdodhï bmhSfï ldrlhd jYfhka l%shd;aul jk l=gqïNhkays fujeks wjia:djl § we;s jk ;;a;ajh ;rula ixlS¾K h' jhia.;ùu ksidu wêl f,i Y%uh jeh lsÍug fkdyels ùu;a" jeh lrk Y%uhg ksis f.ùula fkd,eîu;a" myiqfjka mdo yd fldkao ^vertebral column& wdYs%;j we;s jk frda. ;;a;ajhkag f.dÿre ùu;a ksid fujeks l=gqïNhl ish¨ fokdu wirK fõ'
udisl wdodhu b;du;a wju uÜgul mj;sk jhia.;jQjka fjkqfjka ,nd fok rcfha iykdOdr Tjqkaf.a mßfNdackhg o m%udKj;a ù fkdue;' rch u.ska ckiúh" iuDoaê jeks iún, .ekaùfï ls%hd ud¾. yÿkajd ÿkak o" ksjerÈ f,i iólaIK lghq;= isÿ fkdùu yd ksjrÈ ixLHd f,aLK fkdue;s ùu" ksis wëlaIKhlska f;drj fnod yeÍu isÿ ùu" foaYmd,k wêldßfha wkjYH ueÈy;a ùï mej;Su jeks ÿ¾j,;d ksid tajd m%udKj;a f,i jhia.;jQjkag fkd,eî hhs'
óg wu;rj w;S;fha mej;s ñ, o¾Yl u; mokïj ilia lrk ,o iykdOdrhkayss uQ,H jákdlï" mj;akd uQ,H fj<`o fmd< ñ, .Kka iu. ksis f,i hdj;ald,Sk fkdlsÍu ksid uqof,ys uQ¾; w.h my< f.dia fuu msßi wirK ù we;' ta wkqj uyck wdOdr jYfhka ,nd fok uqo,a óg lÈu ksoiqka imhhs' ta wkqj jhia.; tla mqoa.,hl= fjkqfjka uyck wdOdr udislj remsh,a 100'00la ,efnk w;r Tyqg hefmkakl= isák wjia:dfõ fuh remsh,a 120'00 la f,iska o" hefmkakka 02" 03" 05la jYfhka jk wjia:djka ys § ms<sfj<ska remsh,a 150'00" 180'00 yd 250'00 la jYfhka iykdOdrh l%shd;aul fjhs' wkaO mqoa.,fhl=g remsh,a 300'00 la ysñ jk w;r ,dÿre ms<sld frda.sfhl=g fuu uQ,H iykdOdrhg wu;rj remsh,a 500'00 l uqo,la uyck wdOdr hgf;a ysñfõ[5]'
rcfha fiajlhl=g fiajfhka úY%du .ekSu;a iu. úY%du jegqmla ysñ jqj o" fndfyduhla mqoa.,sl wxYfha l=vd mßudK jHjidhlhka ;=< fuf,i fiajfhka bj;aj hkakka yg m%;s,dN f.k §ug ;rï ÈhqKq l%ufõohla ,dxlsl iudc jHqyh ;=< olakg ke; ^fndfyduhla jHdmdr ;u fiajlhska fiajl w¾: idOl wruqo,g odhl fkdlrhs&' fï fya;=j ksid mqoa.,sl wxYfha fiajh fldg úY%du hk mqoa.,hdg ysñ jkafka ;ud b;sß lr .;a fohla we;akï muKs' kuq;a ,xflah iudch ;=< b;sß lsÍug ;rï m%udKj;a wdodhula l=gqïN wdodhu ;=< fkdue;s ùu yÿkd .; yels m%uqL ,laIKhla jk neúka fuu jhia.;jQjka úhm;a ùu;a iu. ;j ;j;a wirK njg m;a ùula yÿkd .; yelsh'
5.1.2. fi!LH" m%jdyk yd fjk;a fiajdjka iïnkaO .eg¨
f,dj fndfyduhla rgj, fukau Y%S ,xldfõ o fi!LH fiajdj iqN idOk fiajdjla jYfhka mj;ajd f.k hhs' fuf,i iqN idOk fiajdjla jYfhka mj;ajd f.k .sh o" th m%udKj;a yd M,odhs wdldrfhka isÿ fkdùu .eg¨ we;s lrhs' Bg fya;=j Y%S ,xldj ;=< fi!LH fiajdj mj;ajd f.k hdfï § ld,Sk wjYH;d flfrys fhduq lr we;s wjOdkh$ixfõ§ ùu wvq neúks' Y%S ,xldj f;jk f,dj wvq wdodhï ,nk rgla ùu;a" ta fya;=fjkau úúO úIhhka ioyd fhoúh yels uqo,a m%udKh iSñ; ùu;a oelsh yels fmdÿ ,laIKhls[6]' ta wkqj ffjoHjrekaf.a yd mqyqKq frday,a ld¾hh uKav,fha ys`.lu" idhk myiqlï fkdue;s ùu yd mej;sh o th m%udKj;a fkdùu" frday,a WmlrK ys`.h" frday,a w;r we;s N+f.da,Sh ÿria:Ndjh fuys § jeo.;a fõ'
Y%S ,xldfõ frday,a jHQyh wkqj m%dfoaYsh f,alï fldÜGdi lsysmhla wdjrKh jk mßÈ .%dóh frday,la$idhk uOHia:dkhla ne.ska my<u uÜgfï tall msysgqjd we;s w;r" fuu OQrdj,sfha by<skau msysá uy frday,a$ YSlaaIK frday,a msysgqjd we;af;a ck.ykhg idfmalaIj Èia;%slal fyda m<d;a uÜgñks' jhia.;jQjkag m%;sldr ,nd .ekSfï § fuu frday,a lrd hdug isÿ jk w;r" frdayf,a wdh;ksl msysàu yd jhia.;jQjkaf.a ldhsl yelshdj w;r fkd.e<mSula we;s fõ' jhia.;jQjkag fndfyda ÿrla f.jd frday, lrd hdug isÿ ùu;a" frday, ;=< § ffjoHjrhl= yuq ùu tla ia:dkhl§;a" wjYH mÍlaIK lghq;= ;j;a ia:dkhl§;a" m%;sldr yd T!IO ,nd .ekSu ;j;a ia:dhl§;a wd§ jYfhka tlsfklg iïnkaO fkdjQ ia:dksl msysàu ksid fudjqkaf.a YdÍßl ;;a;ajh .ek fkdis;du fudjqkag fndfyda fõ,djla frday,a N+ñh ;=< /§ isàug;a" fndfyda ÿrla .uka lrkakg;a isÿ fõ'
frday,a m%;sldr yd T!IO ,nd .ekSfï § Tjqka fjkqfjka ilia jQ úfYAIs; ia:dk fkdue;s w;r wfkla frda.Ska o iu`. tlu fmda,sfï È.= fõ,djla ;u jdrh tk;=re /§ isàug isÿ fõ' wêl ;onoh yd bvlv myiqlï m%udKj;a fkdùu o" mäfma,s jeks .uka ndOl mej;Su o fudjqka wmyiq;djhg ,la lrkakla úh'
jhia.;jQjka frday,g meñKs miq hd hq;= kshñ; ia:dkh yÿkd .ekSug Wojq Wmldr fkd,eîu;a" frday,a ld¾hh uKav,fha wvq ie,ls,a,;a fudjqka flfrys whym;a f,i n,md we;'
óg wu;rj fm!oa.,sl ffjoH fiajd iemhSfï uOHia:dk kd.ßl m%foaY wdYs%;j msysgq ùu;a" .%dóh uÜgñka tajd fkdmsysgq ùu;a Tjqkaf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;j ÿrg;a ìo oeóug iu;a ù we;'
je,smsáh m%dfoaYSh f,alï n, m%foaYfha .%dóh frday,la muKla msysgd we;s w;r" isÿ lrk ,o wOHhkhg wkqj m%;sldr ,nd .ekSfï § jhia.;jQjkaf.ka 81]la rcfha frday, m%;sldr ,nd .ekSu ioyd Ndú;d l< w;r" 11]la rcfha yd mqoa.,sl wxYfha ia:dkj,ska m%;sldr ,nd .kakd ,È' ;j;a 08]la mqoa.,sl wxYh fj;skau muKla m%;sldr ,nd .ekSu ioyd fhduq ù we;'
jhia.;hjQjka nyq;rhla uOqfïyh (Diabetics Mellitus)" wê reêr mSvkh (High Blood Pressure)" wd;rhsàia (Arthritis)" iajik moaO;sh wdY%s; frda.dndO (Bronchial Asthma)" isys u`o .;sh (Dementia)" uq;%d ud¾.h wdYs%; .eg¨ (Urinary Problems)" lrleú,a, (dizziness) jeks frda.hkag f.dÿre ù ;snqKs' fuys § jhia.;jQjka w;ßka jhi wjqreÿ 70g by< jhia.;jQjka w;r nyq;rhlg Tiaáfhda wd;rhsàia (Osteoarthritis)" iajik moaO;sh wdY%s; frda.dndO (Bronchial Asthma) mej;=ks' jhia.;jQjkag fmr olajk ,o frda. ;;a;ajhkag wu;rj weiSu yd fmkSu wdY%s; frda. ;;a;ajhka fmdÿfõ olakg ,eìKs' jhia.;jQjkaf.ka 19]lg ;ksju m%;sldr lghq;= lr .ekSug yels jQ w;r" ;j;a 8]l msßilg m%;sldr lghq;=j, § Wojq Wmldr w;HjYHhu úh[7]'
frday,aj, mj;akd T!IO ys.h ksid o jhia.;jQjka ;j ;j;a wmyiq;djhlg m;a úh' ta wkqj uqo,a f.jd T!IO ñ,hg .ekSug isÿ ùu;a" ta ioyd wu;r Y%uh yd Okh jeh ùu;a .eg¨jla jYfhka yÿkd .kakd ,È'
jhia.;jQ wfhl= ksjfia § hï wk;=rlg f.dÿre jqj fyd;a jydu frday, lrd /f.k taug wjYH .s,ka r: fiajdjla fkdue;s ùu ksid jhia.;jQjka frday,g /f.k tk w;r u. Ôú;laIhg m;a úh yels h' tfiau iudch ;=< yÈis wjia:djlÈ l%shd;aul ùu ms<sn`oj we;s wjfndaOh yd oekqu u`o nj o jhia.;jQjka flfrys wys; lr f,i n,md we;'
jhia.; frda.Ska Ndú;d lrk Y%jH-oDIH WmlrKj, ñ, by< uÜgul mej;Su ksidu Tjqkag tu myiqlï ,nd .ekSug fkdyels ù we;' Tjqkag fïjd hï wdldrlska Ndú;d lsßug wjldY ,enqfka kï Tjqkaf.a ieoE iuh fld;rï i;=áka .; lrhs o?
jhia.;jQjka flfrys n,mdk ;j;a tla fiajd iemhqï udOHhla f,i m%jdyk fiajd udOHh yeÈkaúh yelsh' Y%S ,xldfõ mj;akd iuia; u.S m%jdyk fiajh ms<sn`oju t;rï i;=gq ùug fkdyel' ta wkqj óg jvd hym;a" ld¾hlaIu" fydo m%jdyk fiajdjla iemhSug ish¿ wod, wxY lghq;= l< hq;= h'
jhia.;jQjka r:h ;=<g kxjd .ekSug m%jdyk fiajl uy;=ka wlue;s ùu;a" r:h ;=< § b`o .ekSug iqÿiq ia:dkhla fkd,eîu;a" fiajl uy;=kaf.a wlreKdj;a ksidu jhia.;jQjka oeä Ñ;a; mSvdjlg ,laj we;' r:h ;=<g we;=¿ ùu yd msgùfï § ksis Wojq Wmldr fkdue;sùu ksid fukau md mqjrej Wiska mej;Su ksid o jhia.; YÍr Yla;sh wvq fuu ck;dj úúO w;=re wdndohkag ,laj we;' óg wu;rj Tjqka Ndú;dlrk WmlrK fuu m%jdyk udOHhg iïnkaOùfï § /f.k hdug we;s wmyiqj o ;j;a tla .eg¨jla njg m;aj we;'
jhia.;jQjkag lrKjEñ fiajdj ,nd .ekSu o wo .eg¨jla njg m;aj ;sfí' óg m%Odk fya;=j ù we;af;a kùlrKh jQ hka;%dkqidrfhka l%shd;aul WmlrK iys; wdh;k ìys ùu;a" tjeks wdh;k jhia.;jQjkag fiajd iemhSug wlue;s ùu;a h' wfkla w;g jhia.;jQjka fuu hka;% Ndú;hg wlue;s ùu;a" tys fiajlhka iïm%Odhsl WmlrK Ndú;hg wlue;s ùu;a fuys,d lemS fmfkhs'
5.1.3 iudch yd iïnkaOj jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨
iudch ;=<ska jhia.;jQjkag .re ie<ls,s fkd,eîu" ;reK fukau nd, m%cdj fudjqkag Wiq¿ úiq¿ lsÍï fukau" fok wjjdo ms<s.ekSug ue,slula oelaùu wd§ fya;=ka ksidfjka jhia.;jQjka udkislj wmyiq;djhg m;aj we;'
orejka ksrka;rj meñK jhia.; jQ foudmshkaf.a iem-ÿl úuid n,hs kï Tjqka bka buy;a m%S;shla ,nhs' kuq;a orejka úfoaY.; ùu" ÿria: m%foaYj,g ixl%uKh ù isàu" Tjqka o ld¾hh nyq, mqoa.,hka njg m;aùu jeks orejkag o úúO m%Yak mej;Su ksidfjka ksrka;r foudmsh ÿl iem ne,Sug we;s yelshdj wvq ù we;'
je,smsáh m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih wdYs%;j lrk ,o wOHhkhg wkqj orejka foudmshkaf.a ÿl-iem ne,Su ioyd meñKsh o foudmshkag orejkaf.a ÿl-iem ne,Sug Tjqka fj; hdug we;s wjia:d wju nj fuys § yÿkd .ekSug yels úh' ta wkqj iuia;hla f,i orejka foudmshka ne,Sug jdr 03 la meñfKk úg foudmshka Tjqka ne,Sug tla jdrhla muKla hkq olakg ,enqKs' fndfyda foudmshkaf.a ifydaor ifydaßhka iómj Ôj;a jqj o Tjqkaf.a orejkaf.a ;;a;ajh i,ld n,k l< Tjqka ÿria:j úiSu fuhg fya;= úh' fuys § jhia.; ck.ykfhka 30% l m%udKhl orejka lsf,daógr 05 g jvd ÿßka Ôj;ajQ w;r ;j;a 55% l msßilaa lsf,daógr 05g wvq ÿrlska Ôj;a úh' fuf,i iómj Ôj;a ùu ksidfjka Tjqkag foudmshkaf.a ÿl iem ksrka;r wjOdkhg fhduq lsÍug yels ù we;' wfkla w;g iómj úiSfï § foudmshkag orejkaf.a yd Tjqkaf.a uqKqnqre-ñKsìßhkaf.a wjYH;d flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug myiq ù we;s nj yÿkd .; yels úh'
ieñhd fyda ìßo ñh.sh mqoa.,hkag Tjqka Wfoid mska oyï lsßug fkdyels ù we;' Bg fya;=j ù we;af;a fndfyda úg Tjqka wdodhï Wmhkakka fkdùu;a" wdodhï bmehQj o tu Wmhk wdodhu Bg m%udKj;a fkdjk ksid;a h' fuksid Tjqka ;u ye.Sï wkHhkag fkdfmkajqj o isákqfha udkisl wmyiq;djfhks'
jhia.;ùu;a iu`. Tjqkaf.a wjYH;d fuf,iska bgq lr .ekSug fkdyels jk úg Tjqkag ;u w;S;h fufkys ùu;a" ta iu. ksrka;r l< lsÍï yg .ekSu;a we;s fõ' úfYaIfhkau fujeks ;;a;ajhka Tjqkaf.a udkisl wd;;sh flfrys n,mdkq ,nhs' ta wkqj Tjqkaf.a YdÍßl ;=,H;djh my< f.dia myiqfjka frda.j,g f.dÿre fõ'
5.2. jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨ u`. yerùug f.k we;s ms<shï yd Tjqkaf.a iqN idOk lghq;= bgq jk wdldrh
fmr olajk ,o wdldrhg je,smsáh m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih wdYs%;j jhia.;jQjka iïnkaOfhka úúO .eg¨ yÿkd .kakd ,È' fuf,i we;s jQ .eg¨ úúO wdldrfha WmlrK fhdod .ksñka iukh lsÍug úúO wxY W;aidy f.k we;' .eg¨jg fhÿ ms<shï u; .eg¨j,ska fldgila ta iu. úi§ we;s w;r" ;j;a fldgila ioyd úiÿï ,nd ,nd §ug b;sßj mj;S' fuf,i úiÿï ,nd fok wdldrh wxY lsysmhla hgf;a idlÉcd l< yelsh' ta wkqj"
1. jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨ úiod .ekSug wúêu;a wxYh ^l=gqïN yd m%cdj& fhÿ ms<shï
2. jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨ úi`od .ekSug úêu;a wxYh ^rch& fhÿ ms<shï jYfhks'
;ju;a fmrÈ. wdishdkq iudcfha b;d Yla;su;a mjq,a in`o;d oelsh yelsh' ta wkqj jhia..;jQjkag fiajd ie,iSfï § b;du iqÿiq wdh;kh mjq, nj fkdryils' tfy;a tu ld¾hh id¾:lj bgq lsÍu ioyd mjq,a ixia:djg fjk;a wdh;k yd mqoa.,hkaf.a wdOdr Wmldr w;HjYH jkq we;' fuu imhkq ,nk iydh yÈis wjia:djg imhk iydhla fkdúh hq;= w;r È.gu mj;ajd f.k hd yels tajd úh hq;=h' fï ioyd úêu;a yd wúêu;a wxYh w;r oeä in`o;djhla we;s lr .ekSu fhda.H jkq we;'
5.2.1. jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨ úiod .ekSug wúêu;a wxYh ^l=gqïN yd m%cdj& fhÿ ms<shï
fmrÈ. iudcfha mjq,a ixia:dj b;du;au jeo.;a tallh f,iska ie,fla' fuys m%;sM,hla f,iska j¾;udkfha mjd jhia.;jQjkaf.ka nyq;rhla mjq,a ixia:dfõ /ljrKh m;ñka Ôj;a fõ' tfy;a iudc fjkialï wkqj we;s .eg¨ yd jhia.;jQjkaf.a ixLHdj YS>%fhka j¾Okh ùu ksid tu iïm%odhsl ld¾hh bgq lr .ekSug wmyiq ;;a;ajhla mjq, ;=< Woa.; fjñka mj;S' fï fya;=fjka fuu ck;djg úúO wdldrfha .eg¨ we;s jk nj olakg ,enqKs' fuf,i jhia.;jQjkag we;s jq fuu .eg¨ úiod .ekSug mjq,a ixia:dj ;=<" iudch ;=< .;a mshjr úúO fõ'
jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok m%Odk .eg¨jls Tjqka jhia.;ùu;a iu. wdodhï bmehSfï yelshdj my< hdu;a" tneúka Tjqkaf.a wdodhï uÜgu my;a w.hla .ekSu;a' ta wkqj Tjqkag Tjqkaf.a wjYH;d bgq lr .ekSug fukau l=gqïNfha wjYH;djhka o bgq lsÍug fkdyels ù we;' jfhdajDoaêlhka úiska fmdaIKh lrk fndfyduhla tall fï fya;=fjka ;j ;j;a wirK ù we;' fuys § fuu .eg¨j úiÈu ioyd l=gqïNhg hï wdldrhlska ueÈy;aùula l, yelsh' ta wkqj fuf;la jfhdajDoaêlhka isÿ lrk ,o wdodhï bmehsfï ld¾hh orejka fyda mjqf,a idudðlhl= ndr .ekSu ;=<ska fudjqka flfrys we;s mSvkh wju l< yelsh' ta wkqj jhia.;jQjkag wkjYH f,i uykaisùug wjYH fkdjk w;r Tyqg iekis,af,a Ôj;aùug yelsh'
mjqf,a m%Odk wdodhï Wmhkakd jfhdajDoaêlhk jk l=gqïNhkays fuu m%Yakh ;rula ixlS¾K iajrEmhla .kS' ta wkqj fmr olajk ,o wdldrhg fuys § fudyq wdodhï bmehSfï ld¾hfhka ksoyia l< fkdyel' óg fya;=j jkafka tu mjqf,a wksl=;a wdodhï bmehsh yels mqoa.,hka wOHdksl jk miqìul fyda frda.Ska ù we;akï Tjqka fjkqfjka m%cdj uQ,sl ú wdOdr Wmldr isÿ lrhs' ta wkqj úúO wdldrfha YsIH;aj ,nd §u yd udislj wdodhï bmeoúh yels wdldrhg fuu mjq,a ilia lrhs' fuys§ iajhx /lshd we;s lsÍu m%Odk fõ'
;jo jfhdajDoaêlhka ioyd m%;sldr ,nd .ekSfï § Tyq frday,g fyda T!IO ,nd .kakd ia:dkhg /f.k hdu Tyqf.a wdrlaIdjg fukau Ñ;a; Yla;sh j¾Okh lsÍug o fya;= fõ' fuys § jfhdajDoaêlhka È.= fõ,djla fmda,sfï fkd;nd tu Ndrlre tu fmda,su ;=< /§ isáñka wjYH lghq;= ixúOdkh lrhs' fï wkqj fndfyda fõ,d /§ isàfuka jk wmyiq;djfhka Tyq ksoyia fõ' úfYaIfhka T!IO ,nd .ekSfï § jhia.;jQjka fjkqfjka ksfhdað; ld¾hh legqj hkakd isÿ lrk w;r fmdÿ u.S m%jdyk fiajh Ndú; lrkafka kï Tyqg we;=,aùug" bo .ekSug" kej; neiSug iudch Wojq Wmldr lsÍu isÿ lsÍu;a ;=<ska fudjqkag we;s mSvkh yd wkdrlaIdj wju fldg we;'
iudch ;=< fudjqka Wiq¿ úiq¿ j,g ,laùu wju fldg we;s w;r ta wkqj iudchg jhia.;jQjkaf.a ienE iajrEmh fy<s lsÍu" Wojq Wmldr lrk msßila njg m;a lsÍug wjYH oekqj;a lsÍfï lghq;= fndfyduhla mqoa.,sl wdh;k" iafõÉcd ixúOdk uQ,sl;ajfhka isÿ fldg we;' fiajd imhk wdh;k o Tjqkag úfYaIs; myiqlï imhd we;' ta wkqj úfYaI myiqlï iys; wdik Tjqkag mkjd we;s w;r rojd .ekSfuka f;drj blauKska wjYH fiajdj ,nd §u ;=<ska fuu jfhdajDoaêlhk yg wúêu;a wxYh fj;ska ,nd Èh yels fiajdj ,nd § we;'
fuys§ f;dard .;a m%foaYfha jfhdajDoaêlhka wdY%fhka l< wOHhkfha § fy<s jQfha fudjqkaf.a fydou /ljrKh imhkakd ;u orejka nj Tjqka úYajdi l< njhs'
óg w;sf¾lj úoHq;a yd uqøs; udOH Ndú; lrñka jhia.;jQjka fjkqfjkaa fjkqfjka úfYaI jev igyka úldYh l, yel' ta wkqj fuu jev igyka ;=<ska m%cdj fj; wjYH mKsjqvh jQ jhia.;jQjka hkq wm iudcfhau fldgila ñi úfYaIs; ldKavhla fkdjk njg ta;a;= .ekaúh yels h' jhia.;jQjkag Wojq lsÍu hq;=lula fukau j.lSula nj ;yjqre l, yelsh' úfYaIs; iïuka;%K" foaYk wdÈh mj;ajd tajd ms<sn`oj fydo m%pdrhla ,nd §ug o fuu udOHhka Ndú; l, yelsh' m%dfoaYsSh uÜgfuka fi!LH l`ojqre mj;ajd jhia.;jQjkag wjYH fi!LH myiqlï ,nd §u o isÿ l, yels h' óg wu;rj úúO iafõÉcd ixúOdk ueÈy;aùfuka úúO wdldrfha jhia.;jQjkag wjYH WmlrK iemhsh yels h' ta wkqj frdao mqgq" lsys,slre" ierhá" weia lKaKdä yd wksl=;a Y%jH yd oDIH WmlrK iemhSu isÿ l, yelsh'
óg wu;rj jeäysá ksjdij, Ôj;ajk ck;djg wjYH úúO WmlrK iemhSu" jhia.;jQjka iyNd.S lr .;a úúO W;aij wjia:d ixúOdkh lsÍu" ri leú,s wdÈh wdydrhkag wu;rj iemhSu" fydo jia;%hka ,nd §u" ldreKsl fiajdjla iemhSu wdÈh ;=<ska wúêu;a wxYhg fuu jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨ úiod .ekSug iyNd.s úh yelsh'
5.2.2. jhia.;jQjka uqyqK fok .eg¨ úiod .ekSug úêu;a wxYh ^rch& fhÿ ms<shï
cd;sl uÜgfuka wdodhï .eg¨j úi§ug ueÈy;aùfï § úêu;a wxYh wdodhï uÜgu wkqj l%shd;aul iykdOdr l%uhka fï ioyd WmldÍ lr f.k we;' ta wkqj È<s`ÿ iyk l+mka m;a" ckiúh" j¾;udkfha iuDoaê jeks úúO kdu hgf;a iudcfha wdodhï uÜgu b;du;a wvq mqoa.,hska iú n, .ekaùfï úúO jev igyka l%shdjg k.d we;' fuys§ /ljrKh wjYH jfhdajDoaêlhka ljqoehs f;dard Tjqkag wdOdr ,nd §u fï hgf;a isÿ fõ'
óg wu;rj rdcH wxYfha úY%duhkakka ioyd úY%du jegqmla yÿkajd §u o" rdcH wxYfha fkdjk ish¿u fiajlhka ioyd w¾: idOl wruqo,g odhl lr .ekSug lghq;= fldg we;' 1958 we;s lrk ,o fuu fiajl w¾: idOl wruqo,g ish¿u rdcH wxYfha fukau fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fiajlhka we;=,;a l< hq;= njg olajd we;' ta wkqj úY%du jhig t<öu;a iu. tf;la fiajd fhdaclhd yd fiajd odhlhdf.ka wh lr .;a uqo,a Tyqg tl jr ,nd .ekSug yels jk w;r" fuh jhia.;jQjkag wjidkfha úYd, jdishls' ;jo f.dú;ek ;u m%Odk Ôúldj lr .;a mqoa.,hkag ieoE iufha ;u oEf;ys Yla;sh fkdue;s wjia:dfõ b;sß jk fohla fkdue;' fï fya;=j ksidu f.dú;eka lrk ck;dj Wfoid 1987 § wdrïN lrk ,o f.ú úY%du jegqma yd iudc wdrlaIK l%uh u.ska f;dard.;a lDIs fCIa;% lsysmhla wdjrKh lrñka jhi wjqreÿ 60 blau jQ miq úY%du jegqmla ,nd foa' Bg wu;rj úúO rlaIK wdh;k jhia.;ùu;a iu. úúO wdldrfha m%;s,dN ysñ jk rlaIK l%uhka fudjqkaf.a ieoE iuh wdrlaIKh ioyd yÿkajd § we;'
;jo jhia.;jQjka ioyd úfYaI yeÿkqï m;la ksl=;a lrkq ,nk w;r fuu yeÿkqïm; Wmldrfhka rcfha m%jdyk udOH ;=< fkdñ,fha .uka lsÍug;a" rcfha Tiqie,a u.ska fndy;a ,nd .ekSfï§ 5] l jÜgï uqo,la ysñlr .ekSug;a fudjqkag yelsù we;'
jhia.;jQjka uqyqKmdk ;j;a .eg¿ldÍ wjia:djla f,i fi!LH yd m%jdyk fCIa;%h iïnkaOfhka we;s jk .eg¿ oelaúh yels h' ta wkqj wdh;ksl uÜgfuka .;a mshjr w;r" frda.S m%;sldr ,nd .ekSfï § jhia.;ùu;a iu`. idudkHfhka nyq,j yÿkd.;a frda.ldrl ;;a;ajhka ioyd m%;sldr lsÍfï § úfYAIs; idhk ta ioyd msysgqùu;a" Bg wkqnoaê; wfkl=;a tall o tu m%foaYfhka myiqfjka ,nd .; yels mßÈ ia:dms; lsÍu;a fuys § jeo.;a fõ'
rcfha wdfrda.H Yd,d ÿßka msysàu ksid Bg jeh l< hq;= ld,h wêl ú we;' kuq;a wjYH;djfha m%udKh u; Ndú;d lsÍu ioyd fjk;a fm!oa.,sl ffjoH fiajd myiqlï o fuys§ ia:dms; lsÍu jeo.;a h' ta wkqj mqoa.,sl ffjoH Yd,d m%foaY ;=< ia:dms;ùu j¾Okh lsÍug isÿ fõ' ta wkqj frda.Skag yÈis m%;sldr lghq;= blauKska yd myiqfjka ,nd .ekSug fuh úYd, msgqjy,la fõ'
T!IO ñ, .Kka by< uÜgul mej;Su o jhia.;jQjkag Tjqkaf.a fi!LH ;a;a;ajh wdrlaId lr .ekSfï § ydkslr úh yelsh' ta wkqj jhia.;jQjkag úfYAIs; wdldrhlg T!IO ,nd .; yels l%uhla fuys § ia:dms; úh hq;=j we;' ta wkqj rdcH T!IO ks;s.; ixia:dfõ uOHia:dhkays § yd ksfhdað; Tiqie,aj,ska fuu fiajh blauKska yd myiqfjka ,nd .ekSug yels jk wdldrhg lghq;= iïmdokh lr we;' fuys § jhia.;jQjkag m%uqL;djhla fukau jÜgï uqo,la o T!IO ñ, § .ekSfï § ysñ fõ'
úfYaIfhkau wo mj;akd m%jdyk fiajdj jfhdajDoaO mqoa.,hkag Ndú;d l< fkdyels ;;a;ajhl mj;S' tneúka Tjqkag .e,fmk m%jdyk fiajdjla fuu lafIA;%h ;=< ia:dms; lsÍug wod, lghq;= isÿ l< hq;= fõ' jhia.;jQjkag blaukska yd myiqfjka we;=¨ùu fukau msgùug wjYH myiqlï fuu r: ;=< ;sìh hq;= w;r" Tjqka Ndú; lrk WmlrK /f.k hdug o yelsúh hq;= h' ta wkqj frdao mqgqjla Wmldrfhka .uka ìuka hk jhia.; mqoa.,hka tu mqgqjo iu`. r:h ;=<g we;=,a lr .ekSug" kej; msg lsÍug yels úh hq;= wdldrfhka ieliqkq myiqlï fuu m%jdyk udOHh i;= úh hq;= h'
wo mj;akd m%jdyk udOHh ;=< jhia.;jQjl=g fkdj ;reK mqoa.,hl=g mjd .uka l< fkdyel' tfiau frday,a yd m%Odk k.r hd lrk m%jdyk fiajdjla o ia:dms; úh hq;=j we;s w;r" fï jk úg ia:dmkh lr we;s fiajdj jhhia.;jQjkago Ndú;d l< yels uÜÜug ilia l< hq;=h' úkS; wdpdrYS,s ßhÿrka fukau fldkafodia;r uy;=ka fuu fiajdjg we;=,;a lr .ekSu jeo.;a fõ'
jhia.;ùu;a iu`. Tjqkaf.a wjYH;d bgqlr .ekSug fkdyels jk úg Tjqkag ;u w;S;h fufkys ùu;a" ta iu`.u ksrka;r l< lsÍï yg.ekSu;a we;s fõ' úfYaIfhkau fujeks ;;a;ajhka Tjqkaf.a udkisl wd;;sh flfrys n,mdkq ,nhs' tneúka jhia.;jQjkaf.a udkisl .eg¨ úi§u i`oyd úêu;a ufkda ffjoH tall ia:dmkh l< hq;=h'
óg wu;rj frday,a wdY%s;j jhia.;jQjkaf.a yÿkd.;a fmdÿ frda. ldrl ;;a;ajhka fjkqfjka fjku tall we;s lsÍu ;=<ska Tjqkag wjYH fiajdj myiqfjka ,nd §ug úêu;a wxYh lghq;= fldg we;'
5.3. rch u`.ska fuu jfhdajDoaêlhka fjkqfjka kS;suh jYfhka .kakd ,o mshjr lsysmhla
Y%S ,xldj 1940 .Kkaj,oSu jhia.;ùu ms<sn`o oek isá neúka ta wkqj wirK jhia.;jQjka ms<sn`oj fiùug Y%Su;a whsj¾ fckska.aiaf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka 1944 § iudc fiajd fldñIu m;a lrk ,È[8]' fuu fldñIu úiska lrk ,o wOHhkhg wkqj iyk wjYH wirK jQ whf.ka 37] lau jhia.;jQjka nj yÿkd .kakd ,È' fuys§ fuu ;;a;ajh wjfndaO lr .;a wd.ñl iy mqKHdh;k jhia.;jQjka fjkqfjka fjku ksjdi tall wrUd tajd mj;ajdf.k hdu fuu ld,fha§ wdrïN úh' fuf,i wdrïN l< fuu wdh;k u.ska jhia.;jQjka wdrlaId lsÍfï jev igyka l%shdjg kxjk ,È'
1982 § m<uq jrg ´iaá%hdfõ úhdkdj, werô f,dal jhia.;jQjkaf.a iuq¿fõ§ jhia.;jQjka ms<sn`o úhdkd wka;¾cd;sl ie,eiau iy tlai;a cd;Skaf.a jhia.;jQjka ms<sn`o uQ,O¾uhkag wkqj jhia.;jQjka wdrlaId lsÍug Y%S ,xldj lghq;= lrk nj oekqï § we;[9]'
ta wkqj Y%S ,xld jhia.;jQjka wdrlaId lsÍu i`oyd cd;sl uÜgfuka mshjr rdYshla f.k we;s w;r tajd ieflúka olajkafka kï"
1. jhia.;jQjka ms<sn`o cd;sl fldñIu ^National committee on Ageing) we;s lsÍu
fuh iudc fiajd yd iqN idOk wud;HxYh hgf;a l%shd;auljk wdh;khlajk w;r jhia.;jQjka ioyd m%;am;a;s ilia lsrSu" ie,iqï iïmdokh lsÍu" jevigyka ie,iqïlrKh isÿ lrk ,È' ta wkqj fuu fCIa;%fha m%ùKhka iy wod, rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, ks,OdÍka" iafõÉcd ixúOdkj, ks,OdÍka tl;=fldg fuu jev igyka l%shdjg ke.=ks' fuu fldñIu u.ska rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, l%shdldrlï iïnkaëlrKh lrhs' ta wkqj ESCAP, UNDA iy Helpage Sri Lanka jeks wdh;k iu. miq.sh úis jir ;=< Y%S ,xld rch yd tla ù úYd, fiajhla jhia.;jQjka fjkqfjka isÿfldg we;'
2. jhia.;jQjka ms<sn`o cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh (National Policy on Ageing) yÿkajd §u
fuys uQ,sl wruqK jQfha jhia.;jQjkag wjYH kdhl;ajh iy Bg wjYH uQ,sl l%shd ud¾. ks¾udKh fldg fydo jgmsgdjla ks¾udKh lsÍuhs' ta wkqj jhia.;jQkaf.a M,odhs nj we;sfldg iudÔh" wd¾Ól" fN!;sl yd wOHd;aóh nj j¾Okh lsÍug o" jhia.;jQjkaf.a ksoyi iy;sl lsÍu" Tjqkaf.a iyNd.S;aj j¾Okh" f.!rjh yd wdrlaIdj Tjqka flfrys we;s lsÍu fuys uQ,sl wruqK ù we;'
3. rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, iyNd.S;ajh ,nd .ekSu ^NGO Participation)
cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk jhia.;jQjka wdrlaId lrñka mq¿,a ld¾hNdrhla lrhs' ta wkqj cd;Hka;r rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk u.ska Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk" iafõÉcd ixúOdk Èßu;a lsÍu yd kùlrKhg wjYH l%shdud¾. .ekSu ;=<ska fõ.fhka j¾Okhjk ck.ykhg wjYH wdrlaIdj yd iqN idOkh we;sfldg Èßu;a lrhs' ta wkqj UN-ESCAPE iy Helpage International tlaj fuu iïnkaëlrKfha oS úYd, odhl;ajhla" iydhla jhia.;jQjkaf.a .=K;ajh we;s lsrSu ioyd olajd we;'
4. jhia.;jQjka ioyd kS;s ilia lsrSu ^Legislation for the Elderly)'
fï wkqj jhia.;jQjka /l .ekSu ioyd úúO kS;s-Í;s yÿkajd § we;' úfYaaIfhkau jeäysáhkaf.a whs;sjdislï ms<sn`o 2000 wxl 09 orK mK; jeo.;a fõ' óg wu;rj jhia.;jqjka Wfoid wu;r l%shd ud¾. /ila f.k we;' ta wkqj
* jhia.;jQjka fjkqfjka cd;sl iNd msysgqùu'
* jeäysáhkaf.a whs;sjdislï wdrlaId lsÍu'
* jhia.;jQjkag fiajd imhk wdh;k yd mqoa.,hka ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu'
* jhia.;jjqka ioyd iqN idOl wruqo,la msysgqùu'
* jhia.;jQjkag we;sjk úúO .eg¨ úi§u ioyd uKav,hla m;a lsÍu'
wd§ jYfhka l%shdud¾. /ila f.k we;' tu wK-mK;aj, jhia.;jQjkaf.a whs;sjdislï wdrlaId fkdlrkafka kï Bg wod,j .; yels mshjrhka ms<sn`oj o olajd we;'
;jo Elderly kñka m%ldYkhla ksl=;a lsÍu o" jhia.;jQjkag hï widOdrKhla jkafka kï .;hq;= l%shd ud¾." Wmfoia wdÈh o fuys we;=,;aj we;' óg wu;rj jhia.;jQjka /ln,d .kakd l=gqïNhka fj; ta ioyd wjYH wOHdmksl oekqu yd uq,H wdOdr o ,nd §u isÿ lrhs'
5. jhia.;jQjka ioyd yÿkd.ekqïm;a ,nd§u ^Identity card For Elderly People)
iudc fiajd wud;HdxYh u.ska jhia wjqreÿ 65g by< mqoa.,hka yg úfYaIs; yeÿkqïm;la ,ndoSug ie,iqï lr we;' ta wkqj ld¾h nyq, rdcH wdh;k fj;ska ^frday,a" nexl= jeks wdh;k& myiqfjka yd blaukska úYajikShj fiajdjla ,nd.ekSug wjYH lghq;= lr we;'
6. wdodhï iqrlaIs;;djh ^Income secure)
jhia.;jqjkag o iudch ;=< Ôj;aùfï§ wNsudkfhka hqla;j Ôj;aùug wdodhula ;sìh hq;=h' ta wkqj úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uhla" fiajd kshqla;s Ndrldr uKav,h yd tlaj" rdcH yd iuQmldr fiajfha fiajd kshqla;slhkag iudc wdrlaIdj ,nd§u wruqKska we;s lr we;' óg wu;rj rdcH yd fjk;a mqoa.,sl ixúOdk tlaj fuu wruqo, k.d isgqùu ioyd odhl ù we;' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i 1996 iudc wdrlaIdj yd úY%du jegqma fhdackdj,sh yÿkajd § we;' fuu fhdackdj,sh u.ska rfÜ ixj¾Ok lghq;= ioyd odhl jQ jhia.;jQjkag úY%du jegqmla ,nd§ug woyia lrhs'
7. Èjd iqrl=ï uOHia:dk" id;a;=fiajd uOHia:d we;s lsÍu ^Day Care and Home Nursing Service)
rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iafõÉcd ixúOdk yd tlaj fuh mj;ajd f.k hhs' fï jkúg .%dóh yd kd.ßl uÜgfuka jhia.;jQjkaf.a mjqf,a idudðlhska fkdue;s wjia:djkaj,§ jeäysáhka /ln,d .eksug wod,j fuu uOHia:dk .%dóh yd kd.ßl uÜgfuka we;s lsÍug mshjr .ksñka isà'
jhia.; wirK frda.SjQjka /ln,d .ekSug id;a;= fiajd ksjdi weröu oelaúh yel' ta wkqj iudc iqNidOk wud;HdxYh hgf;a fuh weröug woyia fldg we;' oekgu;a fï ioyd Helpage cd;Hka;rh iydh oelaùug bÈßm;aj we;'
óg wu;rj mqyqKq yd oekqj;a lsßfï jevuq¿" fi!LH l`ojqre" úúO ;k;=re we;s lsÍu" lKaKdä frdao mqgq jeks jhia.; wndê; mqoa.,hkag wjYH NdKav ,nd§u isÿ lrhs'
[2] Ditto
[3] idudkHfhka ck ixLHdjg w¿;ska tlajk m%udKh wLKavj by< hhs' túg ck ixLHd msróvh ;%sfldaKdldr .kS' kuq;a ck ixLHd j¾Ok fõ.h my< f.dia Wm;a wkqmd;h idfmalaIj my< hk l,ays Y%u n,ldfha fï fudfyd; jk úg /§ isák tla tla ia:rhka jhia.; ldKavh yd tla jkqfha w¿;ska Wm;a u.ska tlajk ldKavhg idfmalaIlj jeä w.hlsks'
[6] 1996 § fi!LH fiajdj ioyd remsh,a ñ,shk 11"421'6 la jeh fldg we;s w;r 1999 § th remsh,a ñ,shk 18"018 la olajd o" 2001 § remsh,a ñ,shk 22"899 olajd o jYfhka úYd, uqo,la jeh fldg we;' (Statistical Pocket Book 2003)'
[9] Ditto'
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