Make understand the task of the ageing population

isõjk mßÉfÊoh

04.     jhia.;jQjka yd Tjqkaf.a ld¾hNdrh yÿkd.ekSu

4.1. l=gqïNh ;=< jhia.;jQjkaf.a ld¾hNdrh

4.2. iudch ;=< jhia.;jQjkaf.a ld¾hNdrh

isjqjk mßÉfÊoh

04.    jhia.;jQjka yd Tjqkaf.a ld¾hNdrh yÿkd .ekSu

jhia.;jQjka iudcfhau m%mxphls' Tjqka jhi jeäùu;a iu. hï o¾Ylhka WmldÍ lr .ksñka ñkqï lghq;= isÿ lsÍu ksid jhia.;jQjka f,i i,ld we;' fudjqkag ;reKh wjêfha ;rï ldhsl Yla;sh fkd;snqK o Tjqkaf.a udkisl Yla;sh" w;aoelSï yd m<mqreoao iïnkaOj fidhd ne,Sfï § fudjqka i;= yelshdj fkdi,ld yeßh fkdyel' o¾Ylhla fya;=fjka jhi wjqreÿ 60 blaujd .sh mqoa.,hka jhia.;jQjka f,i ie,l=j o yßhgu fuu jhia uÜgfï §u fudjqka wl%Sh mqoa.,hka njg m;a fkdfõ' iuia;hla f,i .;a l, jhi wjqreÿ 60ka miqj fndfyda fofkl=f.a ld¾hh lsÍfï úNj;djh l%ufhka wvq fõ' ta fya;=fjka fndfyda iudc l%u ;=< fuu jhia uÜgfuka miqj Tjqkag úfõl ,nd fokq olakg yels h' fuf,i /lshdfjka úfõl ,nd .ekSu i`oyd ld,h ,nd ÿkak o m%dfhda.sl ;;a;ajh ;=< § tf,i ish¨ jev lghq;=j,ska bj;a ù iïmQ¾Kfhkau úfõl ,nd .ekSula isÿ fkdùu úfYAI;ajhls' ulaksido h;a tu jhia uÜgu;a iu. Tjqka tlajru wl%sh mqoa.,hska njg m;a fkdjk ksid h' ta wkqj Tjqka ;j ÿrg;a hï hï ld¾hhka lsßfuys kshla; fjhs'

Y%S ,dxflah iudcfhys l=gqïN wNHka;rfhys fukau l=gqïNfhka mßNdysrj o jeäysáhkag fndfyda fihska f.!rj lr;s' .%dóh wxYfhys jeäysáhkag Wiia f,i ie,lSu iy Tjqka fjkqfjka bgq lrkq ,nk ld¾hh fldgi fndfyda ÿrg jeä msßilf.a wd.u jk fn!oaO wd.u yd ne§ mj;S' l=vd l< mgkau jeäysáhkag f.!rj lsÍu yd lSlre ùug b.ekafõ' fujeks iudc ixialD;shl isák jeäysáhkag iudcfha kdhl;ajh ksrka;rfhka ysñ jk w;r" idïm%Odhsl w.hka mj;ajd f.k hdfï § tys uQ,sl;ajh o Tjqkag ,efnk ,È' ksji ;=< fouõmshka jk w;r iudch ;=< § Tjqka jeäysá lñgqjls' miq ld,h ;=< § .%dóh uÜgfï fuu kdhl;ajh fnfyúka M,odhS jk wkaoug l%shd;aul úh' úfYaIfhka tfia jQfha cd;sfNAo u;= jQ wjia:djkays ;SrK .ekSu Wfoid h' idïm%Odhsl iudch ;=< l=gqïN m%Odkshd jYfhka ksjfiys lghq;=j,g l%shdldÍj iyNd.S fkdjk wjia:djkays § tu ld¾hh fldgi mq;=kag mjrkq ,efí' tfy;a m%Odkshd f,i l%shd lsÍfï n,h tf,iu mj;sk w;r fndfyda wjia:djkays § Tyqf.a ;SrKhkag mlaImd;S ùu isÿ fõ' wd¾Ól jYfhka M,odhs njla fkd;snqK o jhia.;jQjka ms<sn`oj mjqf,ys idudcslhka w;frys hï ie,lSula we;af;a bvï whs;sh Tyq i;= neúks' fndfyda úg idudðlhka w;r Wreuhka mjrd fok ;=re jeäysáhkag hï n,hla ;sfí' bvï md,kh lrkakdg wd¾Ól jákdlula fukau lS¾;shla o we;' wfkla w;g Tyqg mjq, ms<sn`oj fukau ;reK mrïmrdj ms<sn`oj o lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj ;sfí' j¾;udk Y%S ,xldfjys jeäysáhka ioyd mj;sk Wiia f.!rjh ;=<ska fuu iïm%Odhka wkq.ukh lsÍfï iaÓr Ndjh meyeÈ,s fõ'

úfoaYslhkaf.a meñKsu iy md,kh fya;= fldg f.k iïm%Odhslj mj;ajd f.k f.k wd wd¾Ól rgdjka l%ufhka ì§ .sfha h' tys m%;sM,hka f,i we;s jQ ld¾ólrKh" kd.ÍlrKh yd kùlrKh ;=<ska iudc ia:djrNdjhg ndOd muqKqjk ,È' zmjqf,ys jeäysáhka /ln,d .; hq;=hZ hkak ms<s.kq ,enQj o fjkia jk wd¾Ól iy iudÔh ;;a;ajhka hgf;ys mqoa.,hka fuu j.lSfuka bj;a ùug W;aidy lr;s' ta fya;=fjka úúOdldrfhaa fjkialï fukau .eg¨ o we;s ù we;'

jhia.;jQjka yd Tjqkaf.a ld¾hNdrh yÿkd .ekSfï § fuh m%Odk wxY 02 la hgf;a yÿkd .; yelsh' ta wkqj

1.      l=gqïNh ;=< jhia.;jQjkaf.a ld¾hNdrh

2.      iudch ;=< jhia.;jQjkaf.a ld¾hNdrh

jYfhka Tjqkaf.a ld¾hNdrh yÿkd .; yel'

4.1  l=gqïNh ;=< jhia.;jQjkaf.a ld¾hNdrh

jhia.;jQjkaf.a l=gqïN ld¾hNdrh b;d mq¿,a fCIa;%hl jHdma;j mj;S' ta wkqj l=gqïNfhys wdodhï Wmhkakd (earner)" wdrlaIlhd (guard)" fiajlhd (servant)" WmfoaYlhd (advicer) jYfhka iEu wxYhlau yd neÿkq mq¿,a jHdma;shla iys; ld¾hNdrhla fudyqg mejÍ we;'

4.1.1  l=gqïNfhys wdodhï Wmhkakdf.a ld¾hNdrh

fndfyduhla l=gqïNhkays wdodhï bmehSfï ld¾hhfha § jhia.;jQjkag ,efnkqfha iqúfYaI ia:dkhls' ta wkqj iEu l=gqïNhlu jhia.;jQjka wl%Sh mqoa.,hka f,i Ôj;a fkdjk w;ru il%Sh f,i Rcq yd jl% wdldrfhka wdodhï bmeoùfï ld¾hhfha ksr; fjhs' m%Odk jYfhkau fudjqka lDIs l¾udka;h yd neÿkq úúO wxYj, fiajd kshqla; ùula yÿkd .; yels h' Bg wu;rj l=vd mßudK jHdmdr lghq;=j," tkï is,a,r fj<`o jHdmdr mj;ajd f.k hdu" f.j;= fNda. wf,ú lsÍu" ieye,a¨ /lshdjka ys ksr; ùu wdÈh ;=<ska wdodhï bmehSfï ud¾. idod f.k we;'

je,smsáh m%dfoaYsh f,alï fldÜGdih ;=< jhia.; ck.ykfhka 41]la  fiajd kshqla;j we;s w;r ;j;a 41]la .Dy lghq;=j, ksr; fõ' ;j o 19]la jev l< fkdyels ;;a;ajfha miq fõ' kuq;a fudjqkaf.a fiajd kshqla; ùu mQ¾K ld,Sk fkdùu;a" jhi wjqreÿ 60g wvq mqoa.,hl=f.a fiajdj yd iei§fï§ idfmalaIj wvq w.hla$ wvq jákdlula  .ekSu;a" cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h jeks o¾Ylhka ilia lsÍfï § jeo.;a o¾Ylhla f,i fkdie,lSu;a ksid fjkau iudch ;=< ksis w.h lsÍulg ,la j ke;'

lDIs ld¾ñl wxYh ;=< fNda. j.d lsÍfï isg wiajkq fk<Su olajd o" bka wk;=rej wiajkq Y=oaO lsrSu" fõ,Su" .nvd lsrSu jeks wjia:dj,oS o fudyqf.a fiajh b;d jeo.;a ù we;' m%Odk jYfhkau ù f.dú;ek uq,a fldg .;a fiajd kshqla;shla fuu l<dmfhys fmkakqï lrk w;r" Bg wu;rj f.j;= j.djka lsÍu ;=<ska iDcq yd jl% wdldrfhka wdodhï bmehSu;a" l=gqïNfha mßfNdack wjYH;djhka ioyd fhdod .ekSug wjYH øjH ksmoùu;a fudyq w;ska isÿ fõ' óg wu;rj ;u mjqf,a {d;Skaf.a" ys;ñ;=rkaf.a úúO lghq;= j,§ o m%;s,dNhla wfmalaId fkdlru fiajh iemhSug fudjqka iQodkï h'

j.=j wxl 1 - je,smsáh m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih ;=<

jhia.;jQjkaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajh

jhi ;;a;ajh	mqreI			ia;%S
	60-65	65-70	70g jeä	60-65	65-70	70g jeä
fiajd kshqla; .Dy lghq;= jev l< fkdyels	88.8 - 11.1	50.0 25.0 25.0	33.3 33.3 33.3	27.2 63.6 09.0	16.6 66.6 16.6	- 50.0 50.0
	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

    uQ,dY%h( ksheÈ iólaIK o;a;

jhia.;jQjka Tjqkaf.a fiajh iemhSfï § tlu jhia uÜgu ;=< o ia;%S-mqreI Ndjh wkqj fiajd iemhSu úúO ù we;' fudjqka w;ßka fiajd kshqla; jQjkaf.ka nyq;rh mqreIhka jk w;r" .Dy lghq;=j, fhfok m%udKfhka nyq;rh ldka;dfjda fj;s' jhia uÜgu j¾Okh fj;au Tjqkaf.a fiajd iemhSug olajk idfmalaIl odhl;ajh o fõ.fhka my< hdula olakg we;' iEu jhia uÜgul§u jev l< fkdyels mqoa.,hka yÿkd .ekSug yels h' jhi wjqreÿ 70 blauùu;a iu. mqreI fiajd kshqla;sfha YS>% my< hdula yÿkd .ekSug yels jqj o" ldka;djka .Dy lghq;=j,g olajk odhl;ajh fuu jhia iSudfõ § wvq jkafka idfmalaIj b;d fiñks' ta wkqj Tjqka jhia.;jqj o l=gqïNfha ld¾hhka lsÍfï § ta fjkqfjka lem ù isák nj fuu.ska meyeÈ,s h[1]'

je,smsáh m%dfoaYsh f,alï fldÜGdih ;=< jhia.;jQjka w;r wdodhï jHdma;sh wOHhkh lrk úg fmkS hkafka fudjqkaf.ka 57] la re' 2000'00 g wvq wdodhula udislj Wmhkakka jk w;r" re' 5000'00 g by< wdodhula udislj Wmhkakka we;af;a jhia.;jQjka w;ßka 5] l msßila muKla njhs ^j.=j wxl 14 n,kak&' iuia;hla f,i fuu l<dmfha idudkH udisl wdodhu remsh,a 1000'00 -2000'00 w;r jHdma; ù we;s wdldrhla o y`ÿkd .ekSug yelsh'

    m%ia;drh 1

j.=j wxl  2:  je,smsáh m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdifha jhia.; jQjkaf.a

wdodhï jHdma;sh- 2006

wdodhï ldKavh	ixLHd;h	uOH jd¾Isl ck.ykh*[2]	jhia.; ck.ykh*[3]	jhia.; m%lafIams; ck.ykh	m%;sY;h
1000 g wvq 1000-2000 2000-3000 3000-4000 4000-5000 5000g jeä	05 16 09 04 02 01	47820 - - - - -	6251 - - - - -	0845 2703 1520 0676 0338 0169	13.5 43.2 24.3 10.8 05.4 02.7
tl;=j	37	47820	6251	6251	100.0

uQ,dY%h: ksheÈ iólaIK o;a;

fuf,i wdodhï Wmhkakka w;r jhia.; ck ixLHdfjka 5]la muK mjqf,a m%Odk wdodhï Wmhkakka jYfhka lghq;= lrk w;r" wfkla l=gqïNhkays jhia.;jQjkag wu;rj ;j;a idudðlhka wdodhï bmehSfï ksr; ù isà[4]' fuu 5]la muK jk jhia.; m%Odk wdodhï Wmhkakkaf.a orejka ;ju;a wOHdmksl ùu" úrelshdfjka fm<Su" W!K fiajd kshqla; ùu jeks fya;= ksidfjka fuu jhia.;jQjkag ;ju;a mjqf,a úYd, nrla oeÍug isÿj we;'

4.1.2.  jhia.;jQjka l=gqïNh ;=< fiajlhd f,i

jhia.;jQjkaf.a ld¾hNdrh wOHhkh lsÍfï § yÿkd.; yels ;j;a jeo.;a ld¾hNdrhla Tjqka úiska bgq lrhs' ta wkqj Tyqg l=gqïNh ;=< fiajlhd f,i lghq;= lsÍug o isÿj we;' jhia.;ùu;a iu. Ôú;fha ld¾hh nyq,;ajh wvq ùu;a" ;ekam;a ukd mßK; nqoaêhlska hqla; ùu;a" úfYaIs; jQ ld¾hNdrhla fkdue;s ùu;a" ldhsl Yla;sh fmrg idfmalaIj wvq ùu;a jeks lrekq ksid jhia.; jQ mqoa.,hl= l=gqïNh ;=< ieye,a¨ fiajd iemhqïlrejl= jYfhka ls%hd;aul fõ'

ta wkqj ksjfia yd f.j;af;a msßisÿ lsÍï lghq;=" orejkaf.a orejka tkï uqKqnqre-ñKsìßhka /ln,d .ekSu" fmdaIKh lsÍu" mdi,g$<ore mdi,g /f.k hdu yd kej; /f.k tau" Tjqka msßisÿ lsÍu" ksjdi yd foam, wdrlaId lsÍu" f.org wjYH uq¿;ekaf.or øjH /ia lsÍu jeks lghq;= rdYshla fudyqg mejÍ we;'

fuu m%dfoaYSh f,alï n, m%foaYh ;=< jhia.; ish¿u ck.ykh Ôú;fha flÈkl fyda ;u orejkaf.a orejka" ;u ifydaor-ifydaoßhkaf.a orejka /l n,d .ekSug iydh ù we;' óg wu;rj fudjqkaf.ka nyq;rh uqKqnqre-ñKsìßhka mdi,g /f.k hdu" /f.k tau" orejkag myiqjla jYfhka Tjqkaf.a <uhska /ln,d .ekSu" fmdaIKh lsÍu jeks ldrKdj,§ Wmßu odhl;ajhla olajd we;s w;r" Wojq Wmldr lsÍfï§ lsisÿ m%;s,dNhla wfmalaIdfjka tu lghq;= bgq fldg fkdue;s nj;a ;u hq;=lula f,i muKla i,ld Bg iydh ùu;a isÿ fldg we;[5]'

4.1.3  jhia.;jQjka l=gqïNh ;=< WmfoaYlhd f,i ld¾hNdrh

ukd w;aoelSï iuqodhla yd mßK;Ndjh ksidu jhia.;jQjka mjqf,a m%Odk WmfoaYlhd jYfhka lghq;= lrhs' ta wkqj fuf,iska WmfoaYkh iemhSu o Tjqkaf.a ld¾hNdrhla njg m;aj we;' úfYaIfhkau W;aij wjia:djkaj,§ pdß;%-jdß;% iïnkaOfhka Wmfoia iemhSu" orejkaf.a Ôú;fha úúO ixÈia:dkj,§ Bg wjYH hï hï Wmfoia yd Ndú;d lrk l%ufõohka" l< hq;=$ uqqyqK Èh hq;= wdldrh" yd fjk;a Wmfoia iemhSu" bvï yd iïnkaO úúO w¾nqO wjia:djkays § ;u w;aoelSï yd oekqu Tjqkag ,nd §u" merKs isß;a-úß;a" pdß;%-jdß;%" flï l%u" lshd foñka tajd u;= mrmqrg ohdo lsÍu" .Dy md,khg wjYH Wmfoia ,nd §u" orejka hy u`. heùu wd§ jYfhka WmfoaYk ld¾hfhys ksr; fjhs'

je,smsáh m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdifha § lrk ,o wOHhkhg wkqj fmkS hkafka tys ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sfha § 97]lau fudjqkaf.a iydh ta ioyd wfmalaId lrk ,o njhs' fï wkqj ;SrK .ekSfï § jhia.;jQjkaf.a woyiaj, we;s jákdlu ñka ukdj fmkakqï lrhs'

jhia.;jQjka w;r o ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sfha § jhia.; mqreIhskaf.a ;SrK tu jhfia ia;%Ska .kakd ;SrKj,g jvd jeä m%n,;djhla $jákdlula  ,nd f.k we;s nj fï ms<sn`oj lrk ,o wOHhkfha § fy<s úh' ia;%sh uQ,sl jQ l=gqïNhkays ;SrK .ekSfï § wehf.ka ta ms<sn`oj iydh me;=j o" weh úiska fuu wjia:dfõ l=gqïNfhys jeäuy,a mqreIhd ^mq;d& .kakd ;SrKh yd tl`. jqks'

foam, j;alï iïnkaOfhka we;s ;;a;ajh fidhd ne,Sfï § fmkS hkafka jhi wjqreÿ 65 ka by< jhia ldKavhkaf.a ck ixLHdfjka nyq;rh ;ukaf.ka miq tu foam, ;u orejkag fjka lr we;s njhs' ta wkqj tu jhia.; ck ixLHdfjka 81% la muK ;udf.ka miq whs;sh orejkag mjrd ;snQ w;r" 14% l m%udKhla miq whs;sh ìßog mjrd ;snqKs' Tjqka w;ßka 05% whs;sh lsisjl=g mjrd fkd;snqks' fuf,i  j;alï mejÍfï § Tjqka uQ,slju wfmalaId fldg we;af;a ;udf.ka miqj tu bvï whs;sh ;u orejka" ìßo hgf;a mj;ajd .ekSug hs' fuys § zorejka foudmshkag u;= Èkhl i<lkq we;ehsZZ foudmshka n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;nd ;sìu o fuu mjrd§ï yuqfõ olakg ,enqks'

4.2.  jhia.;jQjkaf.a iudc ld¾hNdrh

l=gqïN /il tl;=fjka iudch ilia ù we;s w;r" l=gqïN .kakd ;SrKj, wjidk m%;sM, o wjidkfha úirKh jkqfha iudch ;=<g hs' óg wu;rj fmdÿfõ mqoa.,hka iudch ;=< § o hï hï iduQysl ;SrK .ekSï isÿ lrhs' fuf,iska iudch ;=< jeo.;a fmdÿ ;SrK .ekSfï § tys ;SrKd;aul ld¾hNdrhla jhia.;jQjka w;ska bgq fõ' ta wkqj .sys-meúÈ[6] hk fomsßiu fujeks iudch ;=< b;d jeo.;a fõ'

jhia.;jqkaf.a iudc ld¾hNdrh ie,ls,a,g .ekSfï § úfYaIfhka hï hï yÈis úm;a wjia:djl § msysg ùu wruqKq fldg iduQysl ye.Sfuka hqla;j we;s lr .kakd ,o úúO wdldrfha lKavdhï b;d jeo.;a ;ekla .kS' úúO kdu hgf;a msysgqjd we;s fuu iñ;s jHdmdr" tkï urKdOdr iñ;s" wfkHdakHdOdr iñ;s jeks fmdÿ tallj, § fukau" lDIs ld¾ñl wruqKq ioyd msysgqjk ,o f.dú iñ;s wdÈfhys § o" fudjqkaf.a ld¾hNdrh b;d jeo.;a fõ' Tjqka È.= ld,hla mqrd fCIa;%fha ksr; w;aoelSï yd m<mqreoao iys; mqoa.,hka ùu ksidfjkau Tjqka i;=j fuu .eg¨ úiod .ekSug ufydamldÍ jk úúO l%ufõohka we;'

.x j;=r" iq<s iq<x" kdh hdï jeks wjia:dj, § yÈis wdmod iyk lghq;=j, § ksis kdhl;ajhla wfmalaId l, yelafla fydo mßK; w;aoelSï iys; mqoa.,hkaf.ka h' ta wkqj wjYH Wmldr ksis fõ,djg ksis ;ekg fhduq lsÍfu jeks mqoa., yeisr ùu jeks ld¾hka fudjqka w;ska isÿ fõ'

fuf,iskau jhia.;jQjkag iudch ;=< we;s jk m%Yak úi§fuys,d Tjqka i;=j we;af;a o úYsIag Yla;shls' ta wkqj .eg¨ iys; mqoa.,hska le`ojd fyda Tjqka tl;= fldg ksis Wmfoia ,nd §u ;=<ska iyfhda.S;djh j¾Okh lsÍu isÿ lrhs' fï fya;= fjkau fndfyda úg idu úksiqre jeks jákd iudc fiajl ;k;=re o fudjqka úiska ysñlr .kshs' tu ;k;=re Tjqka fj; m%Odkh lsÍu ;=<ska wfmalaId lrkqfha fudjqka i;= .eg¨ úi§fï yelshdj ;=<ska we;s jk .eg¨ tys uQ, wjia:dfõu wjika lsÍug hss' .%dóh uÜgfï msysgqjd we;s l=vdu wêlrK tallh jk iu: uKav,fha ld¾hNdrh yd jhia.; mqoa., odhl;ajh f.k ne¨jfyd;a fmkS hkafka jhia.;jQjka i;= úplaIKNdjh ksidfjka mqoa.,hka w;r fukau mjq,a w;r o we;s jk .egqïj,ska fndfyduhlg id¾:l m%;sl¾uhla ,efnk njhs' cd;sfNao" l=<fNao jeks wjia:dj,§ we;s jk .eg¿ úi§fï m%Odk ;Srlhka f,i fudjqka l%shd;aul ùu ffoksl Ôú;fha olakg we;s fydou ksoiqk hs'

úfYaIfhkau jhia.;jQjkaf.a wd.ñl Nla;sh o Tjqkag my< wjêj, isákd mqoa.,hkag idfmaalaIj by< uÜgl mj;S' Tjqka wd.ug oyug ióm ùu yd ;reKhka  yd tlaj úúO wdldrfha iduQysl l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍu ;=<ska Tjqka i;= w;aoelSï iudchg úirKh lsÍfï lÈu uQ,hla njg m;aj we;' fï u.ska jerÈ ud¾. fj;g fhduq ùu iSud lr .ekSug;a tluq;=lu yd iyÔjkh j¾Okh lr .eksug;a yelshdj ,eî we;'

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[1] ksheÈ iólaIK o;a;

[2] 2003 "2004 j¾Ihkag idfmalaIj jd¾Isl j¾Ok fõ.h 1.16% la f,i i,ld m%lafIamKh lr we;

[3] 2003 "2004 j¾Ihkag idfmalaIj m%lafIamKh lr we;

[4] l;D m¾fhaIK u;

[5] tu

[6] meúÈ hkqfjka woyia lrk ,oafoa wd.ñl fNaohlska f;drj úúO wd.ñl lKavdïj, m%dOdkSka h'

The patterns of Ageing population

f;jk mßÉfÊoh

03.      jhia.; ck ixLHdjl m%cd úoHd;aul ,laIK rgdj yÿkd .ekSu

3.1  ck.ykfhys jhia jHQyh

3.2  mqñ;sß wkqmd;h

3.3  wdhq wfmalaIKh

3.4  hemqï wkqmd;h

3.5  tal mqoa., wdodhu yÿkd .ekSu

f;jk mßÉfÊoh

03.     jhia.; ck ixLHdjl m%cd úoHd;aul ,laIK rgdj yÿkd .ekSu

m%cd úoHd;aul ,laIKhkaf.a yeisÍu yd ck ixhq;sfha yeisÍu w;r we;af;a iudk yd iudka;r njls' hï hï m%cd úoHd;aul ,laIKhkaf.a by<- my< hdu ck ixhq;sh fjkia ùu flfrys n,mEï we;s lrhs' WodyrKhla f,i ck.ykh ;=< idm,H;djh wvq ùu fya;=fjka Wm;a wkqmd;h my< hdu;a" urK wkqmd;h wvq ùu ;=< wdhq wfmalaIKfha by< hdula isÿ jk ;;a;ajhla ;=< ^ixl%uK ia:djr ;sìh §& ck úoHd;aul msróvfha m;=< l%ñlj yels,Su yd YS¾Ih l%ñlj mq¿,a ùfï iajNdjhla yÿkd .; yels h' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i jhia.; ck ixLHdjg w¨;ska tla jk ldKavfhys m%udKh by< hhs' fujeks ;;a;ajhla flá ld,Skj meyeÈ,sj yÿkd .ekSug wmyiq w;r È.= ld,Sk o;a; úu¾Ykhg ,la lsÍu ;=<ska yÿkd .ekSug yelsshdjla ,efí'

je,smsáh m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜdGdih ;=< ck.ykh jhia.;ùu ms<sn`oj wOHhkh lsÍfï § m%foaYfhys ck úoHd;aul ,laIK rgdj yÿkd .ekSu b;d jeo.;a fjhs' ck úoHd;aul idOlhka ish,a,gu m%uqL;djh ,nd §u ;rula wmyiq neúka bka f;dard .;a idOlhka lsysmhla muKla wOHhkh lsrSu isÿ lrkq ,nhs'

j.=j wxl  1   je,smsáh m%dfoaYsh f,alï fldÜGdih ;=< ck jHdma;s f;dr;=re

j¾Ih	mqreI	ia;%S	uq¿ ck ixLHdj	ck >k;ajh (01km2) g
1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004	18915 20159 21638 21862 22122 22383 22643	19787 22409 23969 24309 24598 24888 25177	38702 42568 45607 46171 46720 47271 47820	602 662 709 718 727 735 744

   uQ,dY%h: iïm;a me;slv" 2004

by; j.=fjys oelafjk f;dr;=rej,g wkqj iuia;hla f,i je,smsáh m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih ;=< ck jHdma;sh ms<snoj f;dr;=re úu¾IKh lsÍfï § meyeÈ,sj fmkakqï lrk ;;a;ajh f,i ck.ykfhys wLKav j¾Okh;a" mqñ;sß nfjys mr;rh l%ñlj j¾Okh jk nj;a ksÍlaIKh lsÍug yelsh'

     m%ia;drh 1                              uQ,dY%h: l;D ixialrKhls

by; ixLHd o;a; u.ska fmkakqï lrk wdldrhg miq .sh j¾I myf<dj ;=< uq¿ ck ixLHdj 24% lska j¾Okh ùula fmkakqï lrk ,o w;r" jd¾Islj tys j¾Okh 1.7% la ù we;' fuh 1990- 1995 w;r ld,h ;=<§ jd¾Islj 2.0% la o" 1995- 2000 w;r ld,h ;=< § th 1.4% la o" 2000- 2004 w;r ld,h ;=< 1.3% la o" jYfhka j¾Ok fõ.h wvq ù we;'

mqñ;sß jHQyh .;a l, tys jd¾Isl wka;rh l%ñlj mq¿,a fjñka .uka lrhs' ta wkqj 1990 j¾Ifha§ mqñ;sß wkqmd;h ia;%Ska 100 lg mqreIhska 96 la o" 2000 jk úg th 90 la o" jYfhka w.h fjkia ùulg ,la j we;'

fï wdldrhg iuia; je,smsáh m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdifha ck.ykh j¾Okh ùfï fõ.h l%ñlj wvq ùu;a"  mqñ;sß wkqmd;h fjkia ùfï iajrEmh;a yÿkd .ekSug yelsh'

3.1  ck.ykfhys jhia jHQyh

       ´kEu .ykhl jhia jHqyh wkqj tys bÈß ld,h ms<snoj wkdjels lSfï yelshdjla mj;s hs' ta wkqj hï N+f.da,Sh m%foaYhl hï ld,hla ;=< § úúO jhia ldKav wkqj Ôj;a jk ck ixLHdj ms<sn`oj wOHhkh lsÍu ;=<ska tys ld,Sk jHdma;s rgdjka fukau isÿ ùug we;s úúO m%jK;djhka o yÿkd .ekSug yelsh ^j.= wxl 09 n,kak&' úúO uÜgfï mqfrdal:k bÈßm;a lsÍug fuu yÿkd .kakd m%jK;d ;;a;ajhka b;d jeo.;a fjhs'

j.=j wxl 2: cUqrf.dv ngysr iy iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj hk .%du ks,OdÍ fldÜGdi foflys jhia jHQyh wkqj ckixLHdj - 2004

jhia jHQyh wjq'	cUqrf.dv ngysr	iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj	jhia jHQyh wjq'	cUqrf.dv ngysr	iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj
01g wvq 01-04 05-09 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34	08 45 65 62 84 57 39 39	17 55 61 89 81 62 63 60	35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65g jeä	44 63 52 57 37 33 117	55 57 47 40 38 37 120
tl;=j	399	488	tl;=j	403	394

uQ,dY%h: l;D úiska ilia lrk ,È

fuu ixLHd o;a; úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï § fmkS hkafka miq .sh oYl foll muK ld,hl isg ck ixLHdjg w¨;ska tl;= jk m%;sY;h l%ñlj my< f.dia we;s njhs' miq.sh wjqreÿ myf<dj ;=< cUqrf.dv ngysr .%du ks,OdÍ fldÜGdifhys ck.ykhg w¿;ska tl;= jk m%;sY;h 22.44%l w.hlska my< neiSula fmkakqï lrk w;r iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj .%du ks,OdÍ fldÜGdih ;=< th 25.17% m%udKhlska my< hdula fmkakqï lrhs' ta wkqj fuu ksheÈ foflysu idudkH my< hdu 23.8% la jk w;r iuia: je,smsáh m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdifha uÜgug wkqrEmS ù we;'

140    120    100    80     60     40     20     0             0     20     40     60     80    100    120   14                   cUqrf.dv ngysr                      iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj

65 < 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 05-09 01-04 >  01

jhia jHQyh wkqj ck ixLHdj - 2004

m%ia;drh 2                     uQ,dY%h: l;D úiska ilia lrk ,È

fuu f;dard .;a l<dm foflys jhia.; ck ixLHdj ie<lsh hq;= uÜgulska jd¾;d fõ' ta wkqj 2004 j¾Ifha § jhi wjqreÿ 60 blau jQ ck ixLHdj uq¿ ck ixLHdfjys m%;sY;hla f,i cUqrf.dv ngysr iy iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj hk .%du ks,OdÍ fldÜGdi foflys ms<sfj<ska 18.7% la yd 17.8% la úh' kuq;a fuys ck ixLHdjg w¿;ska tl;=jk m%udKh by< .sfha kï" tkï Wm;a m%udKh idfmalaIl f,i by< .sfha kï" fuu jhia.; msßfiys idfmalaIl w.h my< w.hl mej;Sug bv m%ia:d ;sìKs'

miq.sh ld,h ;=< Wm;a wkqmd;h my< hdu flfrys m%Odk jYfhkau n,md we;af;a fi!LH fCIA;%fha we;s jQ ÈhqKqj;a iu. isÿjk urK ixLHdj my< jeàu fya;=fjka mjq, mq¨,a l< hq;= fkdùu" ldka;djka wOHdmksl ùu yd iuia: wOHdmk uÜgu by< hdu" újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sfha n,mEu" mjq,a ie,iqï fiajd mq¨,a ùu" rch Wm;a md,kh flfrys jeä m%uqL;djhla § lghq;= lsÍu" ;reK- ;reKshka /lshd fidhd úfoaY .; ùu wdÈ idOlhka h'

wjqreÿ 60 blau jQ jhia jHqyh ;=< Ôj;ajk ck ixLHdj wOHhkh lrk úg tu jhia uÜgïj, Ôj;a jk ck ixLHdfõ mq¨,a ùula yÿkd .; yelsh' ta wkqj fuys ixhq;sh foi neÆ úg fmkS hkafka tu úúO jhia uÜgï j, Ôj;a jk mqoa.,hka w;r ia;%Ska ixLHdj mqreIhskag idfmalaIj by< uÜgul mj;sk njhs' fuys § m%Odk jYfhka fi!LH fiajdfõ we;s jQ ÈhqKqj iuia; wdhq wfmalaIKh by< kexùug uQ,sl jQ w;r" ia;%Skaf.a wdhq ld,h mqreIhskag jvd È.= ùu" jhia .; ia;S%ka m%;sY;h by< kexùu flfrys n,md we;'

3.2  mqñ;sß wkqmd;h (sex ratio)

mqñ;sß wkqmd;h hkqfjka woyia jkafka ck.ykfhys ia;%Ska ishhlg isákd mqreIhska ixLHdjhs ^o is,ajd" bkaø,d,a" 2001&' ta wkqj fuu f;dard .;a ksheÈ m%foaYh ;=< mqñ;sß wkqmd;h úYd, jYfhka wvq ù we; ^j.=j wxl 10 n,kak&'

j.=j wxl 3: cUqrf.dv ngysr iy iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj hk .%du ks,OdÍ fldÜGdi foflys mqñ;sß wkqmd;h- 2004

jhia jHQyh wjqreÿ	cUqrf.dv ngysr		mqñ;sß wkqmd;h	iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj		mqñ;sß wkqmd;h
	mqreI	ia;%S		mqreI	ia;%S
60-64 65g jeä	16 50	18 67	100 : 88.8 100 : 74.6	16 52	21 68	100 : 76.1 100 : 76.4
tl;=j	66	85	100 : 77.6	68	89	100 : 76.4

uQ,dY%h( l;D úiska ilia lrk ,È

fuu .%du ks,OdÍ fldÜGdi foflysu mqñ;sß wkqmd;h iuia;hla f,i .;a l< my< uÜgul mj;S' jhia.; uq¿ ck ixLHdj ;=< fuu w.h 77% la jk w;r" jhi wjqreÿ 60-64 w;r mrdifhys § cUqrf.dv ngysr fldÜGdih ;=< fuu wkqmd;h 100: 89 fmkajqj o" iynkaÿ fldlaudÿjys § th 100: 76 w.hla orhs' jhi wjqreÿ 64 by< uÜgfï § fuu wkqmd;h fldÜGdi foflysu 100:75 la fjhs' ta wkqj iuia;hla f,i jhi wjqreÿ 65 g jeä ck.ykh ;=< fuu mqñ;sß wkqmd;h úYd, f,i wvq ù we;s nj fuu j.=j mÍlaId lsÍfuka fmkS hhs' fuf,i jhia.;jQjka w;r úYd, mr;rla mqñ;sß wkqmd;fhys we;s ùu flfrys n,mdk ,o m%Odk fya;= idOlh ù we;af;a tla tla jhia jHqyhka ;=< mqreI mlaIh wNsnjd hk wdhq wfmalaIKhla ia;%S mlaIh ysñlr .ekSu hs'

3.3  wdhq wfmalaIKh (Life Expectancy)

jhia.; ck ixLHdj ;=< ia;%S ck ixLHdj mqreI ck ixLHdjg idfmalaIj by< hdu flfrys n,mdk ,o m%Odk;u idOlh ù we;af;a tu iEu jhia uÜgul§u Ôj;ajk ia;%Skaf.a wdhq wfmalaIKh mqreIhskaf.a wdhq wfmalaIKhg jvd idfmalaIj by< uÜgul mej;Su hs' miq .sh ld, mßÉfÊoh ;=< wdhq wfmalaIKfha yeisÍï rgdj fuhg bjy,a ù we;s whqre my; j.=fjys oelafjhs ^j.= wxl 11 n,kak&'

j.=j wxl 4: cUqrf.dv ngysr iy iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj hk .%du ks,OdÍ fldÜGdi foflys wdhq wfmalaIKh 1981-2001 olajd

j¾Ih	wdhq wfmalaIKh
	mqreI	ia;%S
1981 1985 1991 1996 2001	63.7 64.2 66.9 69.5 70.7	66.1 67.1 70.6 74.2 75.4

      uQ,dY%h: iïm;a me;slv 2004" l;D ixialrK iys;j

.;jQ oYl foll ld,h ;=< wdhq wfmalaIKfha meyeÈ,s j¾Okhla yÿkd .ekSug yelsù we;' ta wkqj 1981 j¾Ihg idfmalaIj 2001 j¾Ih jk úg mqreIh wdhq wfmalaIKh 11%la yd ia;%S wdhq wfmalaIKh 14%la jYfhka by< f.dia we;' fi!LH fiajdfõ we;s jQ m%udKd;aul yd .=Kd;aul j¾ê; ;;a;ajhka fukau wOHdmksl wxYfha yd fmdaIK ;;a;ajhkaf.a we;s jQ ÈhqKq ;;a;ajhka fuys § jeo.;a ù we;'

       m%ia;drh 3:   uQ,dY%h: iïm;a me;slv 2004" l;D ixialrK iys;j

3.4  hemqï wkqmd;h (Dependency Ratio)

hefmkakka Y%u n,ldfha m%;sY;hla f,i oelaùu tkï jhi wjqreÿ 14g wvq iy 64 jeä hk fomsßiu Y%u n,ldfha m%;sY;hla f,i oelaùu hemqï wkqmd;h f,i  woyia lrk w;r fuh uq¿ hemqï wkqmd;h jYfhka o olajhs' fuu uq¿ hemqï wkqmd;h ;=< jhi wjqreÿ 14 g wvq msßi <ud hefmkakka f,i o" jhi wjqreÿ 64g by< ck ixLHdj jhia.; hefmkakka  jYfhka o fldgia folls'

j.=j wxl 5 ' cUqrf.dv ngysr iy iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj hk .%du ks,OdÍ fldÜGdi foflys hemqï wkqmd;hka - 2004

.%du ks,OdÍ fldÜGdih	uq¿ ck ixLHj	Y%u n,ldh	<ud hefmkakka	jhia.; hefmkakak	<ud hemqï wkqmd;h	jhia.; hemqï wkqmd;h	uq¿ hemqï wkqmd;h
cUqrf.dv ngysr	802	472	180	150	38.1	31.8	69.9
iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj	882	503	222	157	44.1	31.2	75.3

uQ,dY%h: l;D úiska ilia lrk ,È

2004 j¾Ih ;=< cUqrf.dv ngysr iy iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj hk .%du ks,OdrS fldÜGdi fol ;+< <ud hemqï wkqmd;h ms<sfj<ska 38.1%la iy 44.1%la jQ w;r" jhia.; hemqï m%;sY;h ms<sfj<ska 31.8%la iy 31.2%la úh' fuys uq¿ hemqï wkqmd;h ms<sfj<ska 69.9%la iy 75.3%la úh' iuia;hla f,i by< ck ixLHdjla we;s iynkaÿ fldÜGdih ;=< uq¿ hemqï wkqmd;h by< w.hla f.k we;' ta wkqj fuu l<dm ;=< Y%u n,ldfha 100lg 73 fofkla fmdaIKh lsÍug isÿj we;'

1990 yd 1995 hk j¾I ;=< hemqï wkqmd; fjkialï yÿkd .;a l, 1990 j¾Ifha § cUqrf.dv ngysr yd iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj hk fldÜGdi foflys ms<sfj<ska <ud hemqï 42.3%la yd 46.5%la jYfhka o" 1995 § th ms<sfj<ska 40.1.%la yd 45.9%la úh[1]'

  m%ia;drh 4                              uQ,dY%h: l;D úiska ilia lrk ,È

fuf,iskau jhia.; hemqï wkqmd;h ms<sn`oj wjOdkh fhduq lrk l, 1990 j¾Ih ;=< cUqrf.dv ngysr yd iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj hk fldÜGdi foflys jhia.; hemqï ms<sfj<ska 28.1%la yd 29.3%la jYfhka o" 1995 § th fldÜGdi foflysu 29.8%la o úh' ta wkqj iuia;hla f,i ;jÿrg;a jhia.;ùfï o¾Ylh[2] my< uÜgul mj;ajd .ekSug yelshdj Wodù we;' fuys § fmkS hk jeo.;a isÿ ùula f,i l%ñlj <ud ck ixLHdj my< hdu;a" jhia.; ck ixLHdj by<g u;= ùu;a yÿkd .; yel'

3.5  wdodhï jHdma;sh

       ck úoHd;aul ,laIK yÿkd .ekSfï § tal mqoa., wdodhï jHdma;sh yÿkd .ekSu jeo.;a fjhs' f;dard .kakd ,o ksheÈ m%foaYh ;=< wdodhï jHdma;sh isÿj we;s wdldrh my; oelafjhs ^j.= wxl 12 n,kak&'

j.=j wxl  6  jhia.;jQjkaf.a wdodhï jHdma;shcUqrf.dv ngysr iy iynkaÿ fldlaudÿj-2006

udisl wdodhï re'	ck ixLHdj	m%;sY;h
1000 g wvq 1000-2000 2000-3000 3000-4000 4000-5000 5000 g jeä	05 16 08 04 02 02	13.5 43.2 21.6 10.8 05.4 05.4
tl;=j	37	100.0

       uQ,dY%h: ksheÈ iólaIK o;a; 2006

fuu j.=j wOHhkh lsÍfïoS fmkS hkqfha m%foaYfha jhia.;jQjka w;r wdodhï fn§ hdfï § wl%uj;a njla" úIu;djhla ygf.k we;s njhs'

         m%ia;drh wxl 05                 uQ,dY%h: ksheÈ iólaIK o;a; 2006

ta wkqj jhia.; uq¿ ck.ykfhka 57%l wdodhï uÜgu re' 2000'00g jvd my< w.hla f.k we;s w;r by<u wdodhï uÜgu jQ re' 5000'00 wdodhï uÜgu ysñjkqfha jhia.; ck ixLHdfjka 05%lg muKs' iuia;hla f,i m%foaYfha tal mqoa., wdodhu re' 1000'00;a re' 2000'00;a w;r uÜgul mej;=ks'

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[1] iïm;a me;slv-je,smsáh m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih"2005

[2] jhia.; ixLHdj <ud ck .ykfhys m%;sY;hla f,i oelaùuhs